Cistus ladanifer Gum cistus
Family
Cistaceae
Genus
Cistus [SIS-tus]
Ancient Gr. name for the Rock Rose
Species
ladanifer
yielding labdanum
Cistus ladanifer is a species of flowering plant in the family Cistaceae. It is
native to the western Mediterranean region. Common names include gum rockrose, laudanum,
labdanum, common gum cistus, and brown-eyed rockrose. It is a shrub growing 1–2.5 m (3
ft 3 in–8 ft 2 in) tall and wide. The leaves are evergreen, lanceolate, 3–10 cm long and
1–2 cm broad, dark green above and paler underneath. The flowers are 5–8 cm diameter,
with 5 papery white petals, usually with a red to maroon spot at the base, surrounding
the yellow stamens and pistils. The whole plant is covered with the sticky exudate of
fragrant resin, the source of labdanum, used in herbal medicine and perfumery. C.
ladanifer is particularly well suited to the Continentalized Mediterranean climate,
standing both long summer droughts and cold weather. It is an extremely aggressive plant
which has taken over much of former farmland and grasslands in the mountain regions of
central Spain and much of southern Portugal. In Spanish it is known as Jara pringosa
meaning "sticky shrub". In Portuguese it is known as "esteva". It has been found to have
mycorrhizal associations with Boletus edulis, Boletus rhodoxanthus, and Laccaria
laccata.